The Biblical Canon free essay sample

An examination of the origins of the Christian biblical scriptures. This paper examines the formation of the Christian bible as known today. The paper describes the elements of the bible and its origins from different holy writings: The Old Testament, The New Testament, The Prophets, The Torah, Psalms, Proverbs and The Book of Job. It discusses how the Jewish and the Christian Bibles view God as the supreme power behind the events the books. In The Bible In English Translation An Essential Guide, Steven M. Sheeley, and Robert N. Nash, Jr. says that, The Bible didnt just appear on the bookstore shelf complete with leather binding and gold lettering (12). After reading, Ive come to realize that the Bible is the name given to several collections of writings held sacred by the Jewish and Christian religions (Sheeley and Nash, Jr. 12, 13). In church, Ive also heard the Bible referred to as Holy Scriptures. We will write a custom essay sample on The Biblical Canon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And according to Sheeley and Nash, Jr., the Old Testament is known as the Jewish Scriptures (12) and the New Testament is known the Christian Scriptures (15).

The eNotes Blog 7 Classic LiterarySiblings

7 Classic LiterarySiblings Siblings- cant live with them, cant live without them. We wanted to highlight some of our favorite literary siblings and what makes each pair so special. From the most loyal of friendships to the most intense of rivalries, here are seven of our favorite sibling relationships in classic literature. 1. Jane and Elizabeth Bennett From: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Although they are total opposites in temperament and personality, Jane and Elizabeth Bennett are the best of friends. Loyal to and caring of one another, their relationship is founded on mutual respect and openness. As the novel unfolds, they help one another navigate the challenging waters of adulthood and courtship. Our favorite moment: Lizzy walks three miles alone through the country- an act which was considered socially inappropriate for a woman at the time- just to visit Jane, who is sick with a fever. 2. The Brothers Karamazov From: Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov Dmitri, Ivan, and Alexei Fyodorovitch Karamazov are as different as brothers can be. As the novel unfolds, they alternately clash and come together. Dmitri is epicurean in nature, gambling, boozing, and seducing his way through life. Ivan is the troubled atheist, gripped by manichaean meditations on the prevalence of human suffering. Alexei, the hero of the novel, is the golden child, devout in his adherence to the Russian Orthodox faith and liked by all. Our favorite moment: In book V, chapter IV, Ivan and Alexei have a conversation about God and morality. Ivan, the skeptic, cannot fathom the possibility of faith in a world littered with evil. Alexei, the monk in training, cannot reason with Ivan but remains firm in his convictions. It is a harrowing but thrilling confrontation. 3. Polyneices and Antigone From: Sophocles’s Antigone Though one of them might be a corpse, this bond between brother and sister refuses to die. Antigone’s two brothers are killed on the same day, but one of them was fighting against the state, and King Creon doesn’t like that. He forbids Polyneices a proper burial; Antigone refuses to let her brother lie in the dust. Antigone goes against Creon’s wishes, and, long story short, her devotion results in her death by Creon’s hands. Our favorite moment: When Antigone shoots down Creon’s edict: â€Å"And if in this thou judgest me a fool, / Methinks the judge of folly’s not acquit.† 4. Laura and Laurie From: Katherine Mansfield’s â€Å"The Garden Party† Close and loving, Laura and her brother Laurie mirror the mythological twins Artemis and Apollo in this creative re-telling of the Persephone myth. Sure, that’s a lot of allusions for one story, but their relationship is particularly close, especially compared to that of their other siblings. Even their names reflect each other! Our favorite moment: As the story comes to its conclusion, Laurie shows a deep understanding for Laura when she stammers, â€Å"Isn’t life- isn’t life- ,† and he simply responds, â€Å"Isn’t it, darling?† 5. Gregor and Grete Samsa From: Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis Gregor Samsa was once the only working person in his family, until one day he wakes up having transformed into a gigantic bug. Now an outcast to his family, his sister, Grete, takes care to make sure he is fed and cleaned up after, as a testament to their prior closeness. However, their relationship fades as she grows tired of her new role, and she begins treating him with as much disgust as his parents do. Kafka illustrates a distressing change in the relationship between siblings that were once close alongside a distressing physical change in his protagonist. Our favorite moment: After having physically changed, his personality seems to as well when he falls in love with his sister’s music that he had previously not cared for. 6. Nikolai and Pavel From: Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons In Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons, the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov, both middle-aged, reckon with the lives they have led. Nikolai, the younger of the two, runs an estate in the countryside. Though he has suffered his share of tragedies, namely the death of his wife, he has a wonderful son, Arkady, whose return sparks the start of the novel. Pavel, on the other hand, squandered his once-promising military career in pursuit of a romance that eventually collapsed, and he now lives on Nikolai’s estate. Our favorite moment: In chapter IV, Arkady brings his rebellious college friend Bazarov to dinner with Nikolai and Pavel. As the two young men present the newest intellectual trends, Pavel asserts himself against Bazarov, who turns out to be just as headstrong. Arkady and Nikolai, both even-tempered, look on in baffled amusement. 7. Roderick and Madeline Usher From: Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† The last remaining members of the Usher family, Roderick and Madeline, are as solemn as they are sickly. These two siblings while away their days in the baroque, decrepit Usher manor, engaging in various arcane pursuits of the scholarly and artistic kind. When the unnamed narrator arrives for a visit, the House of Usher- the manor itself and the Usher siblings- seem to be rapidly deteriorating. Our favorite moment: In one of the story’s strangest, most chilling scenes, the narrator reads a heroic poem- the â€Å"Mad Trist† of Sir Launcelot- to Roderick. As Launcelot conquers each trial, Madeline begins to resurrect herself from her tomb in the manor’s basement. Are there any other siblings from literature youd add to this list? Leave them in the comments below!

D2 Review course assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D2 Review course assignments - Essay Example Unit 2 assignment requires the learner to create a memo that describes the strategic decision-making process in an organization, particularly the criteria used in making and testing of the assumptions held by decision makers. The information needed will be obtained through secondary data analysis, particularly browsing the web and reading textbooks. This assignment will improve the skills of the learner in making critical decisions in an organization as a manager or executive. Unit 3 assignment requires one to develop a job grading schedule for appraising the performance of Frontline supervisors (Beck, 2013). To obtain the information on grades and weights for each item, a survey will be conducted in personnel management firms. This assignment information will boost the learner’s personnel management skills, concerning performance management and job evaluation. Unit 4 assignment requires the learner to complete an assessment measuring program-level learning outcomes. The evaluation information will be answered based on the opinion of the student about expectations and experiences in the program. This will facilitate the improvement of the program to reflect current market experiences and skills needed for management students. Unit 5 assignments involve a comparison of the two organizations on various business aspects, mainly organizational strategic management processes, design, culture and management styles (Charles Hill, 2012). The data required for this assignment will be obtained through a survey of the two organizations. The analysis will enhance the learners strategic planning and implementation skills in different companies in a dynamic

Smart Car Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smart Car Case Study - Essay Example The most attractive feature of this car is that it effectively combines driver comfort, safety, and customer choice. The supply chain feature of the Smart Car also becomes the key factor in its market acceptance for it deviates from the conventional practices of manufacture and distribution. This paper will explore the innovative and strategic features of Smart Cars’ supply chain. I Smart Concept and Logistics at MCC The conventional volume car manufacture raised severe supply chain issues which adversely affected the brand reputation of car industries. To illustrate, in olden days, car manufacturers did not given much emphasis on customer preferences but developed car models according to their concepts. Evidently the car models did not match with customers’ actual interests. According to traditional market ideologies, supplier was the king of market who used to govern market trends. Even in modern time, car manufacturers and suppliers exceedingly emphasize on their eng ineering elegance rather than customer requirements. At this juncture, the MCC Management initiates a ‘customer oriented production concept’ that would enable customers to suggest how they want their products to be configured. The MCC management gives customers the opportunity to specify their car preference. For instance, they can combine two colors of the frame with various colors of the body panels. This way, the company can create an impression of a high level choice even though the product variation choices are kept to minimum. Since the company designs its products according to customers’ choice, to a large extent it can avoid risk elements associated with market demand. Similarly, in traditional car industry, manufacturers did not have a clear picture regarding the time required for the completion of a car manufacturing process (lead-time). In other words, they took comparatively long time to fix lead-time for cars. It was one of the major difficulties in car industries’ supply chain. Suppliers and dealers faced many challenges in the market because of this inaccuracy in production management, and it led to gradual decline in market demand. This paucity of lead-time awareness affected supply process; and it considerably decreased the profitability of both the manufacturers and suppliers. The MCC management recently developed certain strategies that can assist the organization to count lead-time for cars in two weeks. This provision would increase the effectiveness of Smart Cars’ supply chain once it enables the suppliers and other supply chain personnel to involve in production process. According to the Smart Car concept, the MCC management has maintained provisions for the suppliers to co-invest in the production location as well as to take a greater share in final assembling process. This provision would ensure the active supplier participation in the production process also. As a result, MCC can minimize different co nflicts in the supply chain and thereby carry out business activities smoothly. Traditional car manufactures did not maintain such practices and it reduced the inter-relation between manufacturers and suppliers. In addition, it is observed that the value added during final assembly in MCC is just ten percent of the production cost price. This practice would indirectly benefit the suppliers and customers since the low level value addition during the final assembly assists the company

Impact of Organisational Behavior on Performance of Casual Togs Firm Assignment

Impact of Organisational Behavior on Performance of Casual Togs Firm - Assignment Example This essay assists in evaluating organizational needs of Casual Togs firm in relation to its employee’s behavior, influence of leaders, managerial roles, decision making and aspects of culture. The company profit levels relates to its strategy of producing products for moderate customers. Through this strategy a customer through mixing or matching clothes may be able to assembly their wardrobe. This mix or match strategy however is not parented and because of these competitors have increased in town. This loophole has seen larger firms as well as smaller fashion companies. Nevertheless, President does not see such events as threat. The company’s C.E.O views that price competition is worse than any other form. The company has therefore opened new production points to meet growing demand and competitions. These production units come under scrutiny from the head office. In an attempt to increase on its production, the company improved its machine production capacity. This necessitated acquisition of new machines. On the other hand, the company’s chief instructed the Vice president of sales to ensure there is a daily sales printout. The president as a leader promo tes democratic principles in the organization. He encourages his production teams to act according to situations. Casual Togs Inc through its operation faces diverse challenges. Some of these challenges relate to its management styles, influence of poor management decisions, poor research on market influences and organizational culture

Medical Treatment Using Computed Tomography (CT)

Medical Treatment Using Computed Tomography (CT) Breast Plan Part One Treatment Site / Diagnosis: Left Breast Treatment Modality: 2 Dimensional tangential Type of Patient Data: Computed tomography and virtual simulation Technique: Isocentric Prescription Isodose: 40GY in 15# Part Two Computed tomography (CT) was employed as an imaging modality for this treatment. In general, CT is the standard imaging modality employed. This is due to the ability of CT to provide a 3 Dimensional image of the tumour and the ordinary anatomy in that area, CT is particularly effective in visualising bony anatomy. It also provides the electron density data essential to enable accurate dose calculation and planning. Although CT scanning is the standard for treatment localisation, magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) are superior in defining soft tissue and tumour metastasis and so it is now advisable to employ CT-MRI fusion imaging in order to improve the accuracy of tumour localisation for treatment (Bhide and Nutting 2010). Tangential fields are normally used in the treatment of tumours of the breast. Virtual simulation (v-sim) is employed in order to generate lateral and medial tangential fields. V-sim ensures accurate field matching and acceptable coverage of the breast tissue, the chest wall and the surgical or mastectomy scar (Barrett and Dobbs et al. 2009 and Moran and Haffty 2009). Part Three The choice of beam energy is heavily dependent on patient size and separation; in general the chosen beam energy is 6 Megavoltage. For patients with a separation greater than 22cm, higher energy beams are usually used in order to improve dose homogeneity. Higher energy beams reduce the skin sparing effect of a lower energy; therefore care should be taken to ensure there is sufficient coverage of the superficial breast, mastectomy scar and clinical boarders (Barrett, Dobbs et al. 2009). The breast is traditionally treated by means of two dimensional conformal tangential beams. The beam arrangement is a lateral and medial beam. The field boarders are marked up clinically, usually by a specialist radiographer. The lateral beam is usually at mid axilla and the medial beam at sternal level. The beams are at tangents to each other avoid irradiation of the heart, lung, dose uniformity and no dose overlap to the contralateral breast (Lee and Harris 2009). Segmented beams were also selected in order to improve Planning Target Volume (PTV) coverage and allow for Multi Leaf Collimator (MLC) shielding without compromising coverage of the PTV whilst shielding out undesired hot spots that naturally occur in the inframammary fold of the breast tissue (Nakamura, Hatanaka et al. 2011). According to a study by Purdy 2004 ICRU 50 guidelines states that the isodose distribution within the PTV must be between 95% 107% .In order to achieve optimum dose distribution wedged beams are employed, wedges are tissue compensators that account for missing tissue in order to improve the homogeneity of the dose distribution (Barrett, Dobbs et al. 2009). This is particularly important in breast treatments due to the contour of the breast. The anterior surface of the breast is less dense than the tissue toward the chest wall, hotspots tend to occur around the areola for this reason wedges in this plan are 60 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ° and orientated with the thick end anterior in order to distribute the dose away from the nipple and conform more homogenously to the chest wall. There are also wedges on the segments in order to improve dose homogeneity in the superior/ inferior direction and to ensure acceptable PTV coverage (Haffty, Buchholz et al. 2008). Part 4 There is acceptable coverage of the CTV, in breast treatment, the aim is to treat all the breast tissue to the deep fascia the 95% isodose should conform to the chest wall but not include the pectoralis major (Barrett, Dobbs et al. 2009). The breast tissue is covered by the 95% isodose line and it adheres well to the muscles of the chest wall. There are no hot spots present within the plan due to the optimal use of tissue compensators as mentioned above. According to a study by Purdy in 2004, ICRU guidelines isodse distribution must be kept between 95% 107%, MLC shielding on the segments were employed in order to shield any hotspots present within the CTV without compromising target coverage or causing the plan to become too cold. Part 5 The critical organs that were contoured were the left lung. Although there is no dose volume histogram associated with breast treatments, there should be no more than 2cm of lung volume included in the treatment field in order to prevent late toxicities such as lung fibrosis and pneumonitis. It is also advisable to contour the heart on left sided breast treatments. Part 6 This plan is clinically acceptable, however as the treatment is being delivered to the left side, the heart should be taken into consideration. Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) is becoming more common for left sided breast treatments. DIBH involves treating the patient on inspiration and breath hold through coaching either auditory or visually or both. During inspiration the breast tissue is lifted off the chest wall and thus results in less cardiac tissue and lung being irradiated (Vikstrà ¶m, Hjelstuen et al. 2011). Not all patients are suitable for DIBH if they cannot remain in breath hold for the length of time it takes to deliver the beam. However it is still important to remove the heart from the high dose area, this is achievable by the use of cardiac shielding created by MLCS. Although this has shown a reduction in the dose received by the heart, it also risks underdoing of the target (Bartlett, Yarnold et al. 2013). References Barrett, A., J. Dobbs, et al. (2009). Practical Radiotherapy Planning Fourth Edition, CRC Press. Bartlett, F. R., J. R. Yarnold, et al. (2013). Multileaf Collimation Cardiac Shielding in Breast Radiotherapy: Cardiac Doses are Reduced, But at What Cost? Clinical Oncology 25(12): 690-696. Bhide, S. and C. Nutting (2010). Recent advances in radiotherapy. BMC medicine 8(1): 25. Haffty, B. G., T. A. Buchholz, et al. (2008). Should intensity-modulated radiation therapy be the standard of care in the conservatively managed breast cancer patient? Journal of Clinical Oncology 26(13): 2072-2074. Lee, L. J. and J. R. Harris (2009). Innovations in radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer. The Breast 18: S103-S111. Moran, M. S. and B. G. Haffty (2009). Radiation Techniques and Toxicities for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 19(4): 244-255. Nakamura, N., S. Hatanaka, et al. (2011). Quantification of cold spots caused by geometrical uncertainty in field-in-field techniques for whole breast radiotherapy. Japanese journal of clinical oncology 41(9): 1127-1131. Purdy, J. A. (2004). Current ICRU definitions of volumes: limitations and future directions. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, Elsevier. Vikstrà ¶m, J., M. H. Hjelstuen, et al. (2011). Cardiac and pulmonary dose reduction for tangentially irradiated breast cancer, utilizing deep inspiration breath-hold with audio-visual guidance, without compromising target coverage. Acta Oncologica 50(1): 42-50.

Absence Measurement and Management Essays -- null

This essay answers the following questions. 1) Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract? 2) What advice would you give to the Directors to measure absence levels and causes? 3) What procedures would you recommend should be established to manage absence? You must justify your recommendations. 4) How should the devolution of People Management responsibilities to first line managers be handled? 1) Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract? The psychological contract is an informal, unwritten contract between employer and employee. It includes their mutual agreement towards obligations to one and other. It will entail certain expectations which should be attempted to be upheld. This contract is based on trust and respect, and employees with effective managers should have a strong understanding of what their psychological contract entails, as well as their formal written contract which can be upheld legally. All employees at Insure it Wright, should understand both of these contracts and it is important when attempting to manage an issue, such as absence, that the psychological contract is not affected. The directors have identified absences as an issue, which is having a negative impact on the organisation as a whole and the service it is providing. This should be dealt with as swiftly as possibly in a manner which will not affect the psychological or written contract. They are having issues with several types on absence, particularly short term and unauthorised absence. Absence must be so rigidly monitored because, a large amount of absence will have a negative impact on the company financially. Particul... ...: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/absence-measurement-management.aspx. Last accessed 20th of April 2014. †¢ CIPD staff. (2012). The Role of line managers in HR. Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/role-line-managers-hr.aspx. Last accessed 24th April 2014. †¢ 1.BLACK, C. and FROST, D. (2011) Health at work: an independent review of sickness absence. Cm 8205. London: Department for Work and Pensions. Available: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/health-at-work.pdf. Last accessed 28th April 2014. †¢ Taylor, Baldry, Bain & Ellis. (2003). A Unique Working Environment': Health, Sickness and †¢ eAbsence Management in UK Call Centres. Work, Employment & Society . 17 (3), 435-458 †¢ James P, Cunningham I & Dibben P. (2002). Absence management and the issues of job retention and return to work. Human Resources and Management Journal. 12 (2), 82-94.

The Effects of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR: 5888743 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR: 5888743 Mr P Smith The ANIKA Foundation 234 West Highland Drive Newport 2843 Australia 1 May 2011 Dear Sir, Re: Research Proposal: THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. I am currently studying Psychology Honour’s at the University of South Africa. I am a school counsellor at a private school in Sydney where I work with children from Year K through to year 12. I have a keen interest in Adolescent mental health and suicide prevention.The Department of Mental Health at the World Health Organisation states that: â€Å"WHO figures clearly show that by 2030 depression will be the single biggest burden of care on our health care system, exceeding cardio vascular disease and obesity†. It is becoming increasingly more urgent to look at preventative strategies to reduce the number of young people presenting with depression, anxiety and stress. I understand that the ANIKA Foundation was set up in response to the tragic death by suicide of your daughter Anika.The purpose of foundation is to support and promote the prevention of anxiety and depression in young people. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training has been shown to develop the capacity to: †¢Consciously act and respond with awareness and clarity rather than react out of a habitual pattern †¢Bring greater concentration and focus to daily activities †¢Monitor levels of stress and distress, and take effective steps to address them †¢Positi vely take action to renew your energy – physically, emotionally and mentally.It therefore seemed appropriate to contact you with information about my proposed research topic to see if you would be interested in this new area of prevention. I look forward to hearing from you soon Yours Sincerely 5888743 Psychology Honours student and school counsellor. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR: 5888743 IntroductionMy experience as a School Counsellor along with current research coming out of the World Health organization indicates that by 2030 depression will be the single biggest burden of care on our health care system, exceeding cardio vascular disease and obesity. It is becoming increasingly more urgent to look at preventative strategies to reduce the number of young people presenting with depressio n, anxiety and stress. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is part of an exciting new field in psychology that combines ancient wisdom with modern day knowledge. The associated field ofPositive Psychology looks not only at the elimination of negative mental states but also at ways in which we can understand how people grow and flourish. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training has been shown to develop the capacity to: †¢Consciously act and respond with awareness and clarity rather than react out of a habitual pattern †¢Bring greater concentration and focus to daily activities †¢Monitor levels of stress and distress, and take effective steps to address them †¢Positively take action to renew your energy – physically, emotionally and mentally.MBSR strategies based on the ancient Buddhist practice of mindfulness and meditation, seek to give people the tools to develop self-awareness in order to be able to identify the different emotions that present themselves during our lifetime. And then respond to those emotions is a way that is constructive rather than destructive. The way that we think and feel about things profoundly affects the way we act in the world, so it is important to be able to recognize the feelings and thoughts that arise habitually in our lives. Research Problem A literature review indicates that MBSR has been researched quiet extensively in the medical field.The literature shows very promising results with researchers finding significant reductions in stress, anxiety and depression after participants completed MBSR training. 1,2,3, In another study, normal healthy working adults who participated in Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) training, showed improvement in behavioural, psychological, and physiological outcomes measured. This study assessed the effects of a shortened (low-dose [ld]) work-site MBSR intervention (MBSR-ld) on indicators of stress in healthy working adults to determine if results sim ilar to those obtained in traditional MBSR could be demonstrated.Participants were randomized into MBSR-ld and wait-list control groups. Self-reported perceived stress, sleep quality, and mindfulness were measured at the beginning and end of the 6-week intervention. Salivary cortical was assessed weekly. Significant reductions in perceived stress (p = . 0025) and increases in mindfulness (p = . 0149) were obtained for only the MBSR-ld group (n = 22). Scores on the global measure of sleep improved for the MBSR-ld group (p = . 0018) as well as for the control group (p = . 0072; n = 20). There is however at this time no literature available on the effects of teaching MBSR to adolescents, in a school setting as part of the PDHPE curriculum. This research may unlock the door to an exciting field of preventative psychology in youth mental health. What we consider stressful or what causes us to feel ‘mad’, ‘bad’ or ‘sad’ varies from one person to anot her. But any negative state can have a profound effect on the way we function in our day-to-day lives. Left unacknowledged or untreated it can develop into Stress, Anxiety or Depression.Very simply one of the first impacts of practicing mindfulness can be the capacity to move out of an aroused, activated, stressed state into a calmer, reflective more regulated state. This relaxed state – called the parasympathetic state shows in responses such as slowing down of the heart rate, increased expiration, relaxation of the muscles, increased digestive activity and recuperation and rest. Many of us spend time in our sympathetic branch of our nervous system that prepares us for active engagement. It is associated with emotions such as anger, rage and fear as well as joy, excitement and interest.This is commonly known as the fight or flight response, our hard wiring for survival. However ongoing and excessive fight/flight response that is not regulated or modulated can lead to increas ed cortisol levels creating stress and distress. By cultivating in the students an innate capacity to ‘pay attention’ on purpose, in the present moment in a non-judgmental way, we can hopefully decrease overall levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Research Design The study will include both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the efficacy of the MBSR program.The study will include 42 year 9 students, aged 14 -15 years. They will participate in an 8 week program where they will learn techniques of mindfulness and meditation. The course will be taught in conjunction with the personal health and development curriculum (PDHPE). The quantitative part of the research includes two surveys. The surveys will be administered before the training begins, at the completion of the course and then again 6 months later. This methodology is useful as it quantifies variables by making them empirically observable, and makes replication and retesting plausible.Survey 1: The DASS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire) developed by Peter Lovibond from the University of New South Wales. The DASS is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The DASS was constructed not merely as another set of scales to measure conventionally defined emotional states, but to further the process of defining, understanding, and measuring the ubiquitous and clinically significant emotional states usually described as depression, anxiety and stress.The DASS should thus meet the requirements of both researchers and scientist-professional clinicians. 5 Survey 2: The Self-Assessment Questionnaire: The MAAS (Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale) is a 15-item scale designed to assess a core characteristic of dispositional mindfulness, namely, open or receptive awareness of and attention to what is taking place in the present. The scale shows strong psychometric properties and has been validated w ith college, community, and cancer patient samples.Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies have shown that the MAAS taps a unique quality of consciousness that is related to, and predictive of, a variety of self-regulation and well-being constructs. The measure takes 10 minutes or less to complete. 6 Both surveys will be administered electronically and the student response will be anonymous. Although the data gathered will be intra-personal in nature, the trends being assessed will be more general. The data will be analysed electronically and will give me and overall level of the participating student’s self-awareness, depression, anxiety and stress.This will be compared to the surveys conducted at the end of the 8 weeks as well as those in 6 months’ time. The qualitative aspect of the research will be the weekly small discussion groups. As the students move through the training they will have opportunity to give feedback through semi structured inter views. The qualitative information gathered will give me evidence of trends and patterns emerging. I will rely primarily on interviews and observations. â€Å"the analyses produced by qualitative researchers most often are narratives and are based on words used by informants to describe their life experiences. Royce, 2004. Pg 237) In terms of sampling, it would be ideal if I could have a control group in which I could randomly assign half of the group, however unless the control group could have the opportunity to participate in the training at a later stage, this would in fact be unethical and unfair. Given the constraints of a school curriculum, this would also be very difficult. If the initial results coming out of the pilot program were promising then it would be prudent to run the program again with a control group. This would enhance the reliability and validity of the initial results.Data Analysis The study will use qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Creswell (1998, pg 15) defines qualitative research as â€Å"an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex holistic picture, analyses words, reports detailed views of informants and conducts the study in a natural setting. † The small weekly discussion groups will give me an opportunity to provide detailed and dynamic feedback on both individual and group process.Terre Blanche, Kelly and Durrheim (2006, pg 273-274) describe this as interpretative research, interested in experiences, feelings and meaning. The interviews will be semi structured, and developed according to data collected from the previous week and current literature. All interviews will be transcribed. The intention behind the analysis of the transcripts will be to extract a common narrative There are no costs associated with my research at this time. Ethics and expected Outcomes The children will be give n permission slips and consent forms to take home to be signed by their parents.At all times the welfare of the children will be monitored and they will have access to the support of the school counsellor and the PDHPE staff. All participants will be given a letter explaining the idea behind the program. The online surveys will be anonymous and data transcribed from the semi structured interviews will be anonymous and made available to the students should they wish to see the transcripts. The students will be re-surveyed in 6 months’ time to assess whether the program has had sustainable effects. There are expected short term and long term outcomes for this research.In the short term we hope that the children will learn to meditate and make meditation and mindfulness part of their everyday routine. Obviously we hope they will also reach the goals they set for themselves on a physical level. In the long term we are hoping that the skill that they learn during this 8 week progr am will be the inoculation and thereby increased resilience that they will need for the upcoming stress associated with their HSC (Matric), and all of the other life stressors going forward. Literature Review 1.Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients: Linda E. Carlson and Sheila N. Garland 2. A qualitative study of self-perceived effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in a psychosocial oncology setting: Michael J. Mackenzie1, Linda E. Carlson1,2,*, Marleny Munoz1, Michael Speca1,2 Article first published online 28 NOV 2006 3. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer: Cecile A. Lengacher1, Versie Johnson-Mallard1, Janice Post-White2, Manolete S. Moscoso1, Paul B.Jacobsen3, Thomas W. Klein4, Raymond H. Widen4,5, Shirley G. Fitzgerald1, Melissa M. Shelton1, Michelle Barta1, Matthew Goodman6, Charles E. Cox3,4, Kevin E. Kip1,* Article first published online: 20 FEB 2009ne: 28 NOV 2006 4. Effects of Low-Dose Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR-ld) on Working Adults: Maryanna D. Klatt, PhD. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, klatt. [email  protected] eduJanet Buckworth, PhD. College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus William B. Malarkey, MD. College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus Scales 5. Lovibond, S. H. Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. (2nd. Ed. ) Sydney: Psychology Foundation. ISBN 7334-1423-0. Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335-343. 6. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Kirk Warren Brown, Ph. D. & Richard M. Ryan, Ph. D. References 1. Cresswell, J. W. (1998) Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among 5 traditions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers 2. Kelly, K. 2006) From encounter to text: collecting data in qualitative research. In Terre Blance, M. , & Durrheim,K. , Painter, D. (Eds), Research in Practise (Second Edition). Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press. 3. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduciton/Mindfulness Based Cognitive therapy Course Book. Open Ground Training and Consultancy. Sydney, Australia 4. Royse, D. (2004) Qualitative Research from Research Methods in Social Work, Fourth Edition, Brookes/Cole-Thomson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA, USA. 5. Terre Blance, M. , & Durrheim,K. , Painter, D. (Eds), Research in Practise (Second Edition). Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.

What kind of Image of Roman Society do we perceive from the story of the Sabine Women Essay Example

What kind of Image of Roman Society do we perceive from the story of the Sabine Women Essay Example What kind of Image of Roman Society do we perceive from the story of the Sabine Women Paper What kind of Image of Roman Society do we perceive from the story of the Sabine Women Paper Essay Topic: History The famous story of the Sabine women was told by Livy in his earliest book and is part of a series of foundation myths that he uses to describe the creation of Rome. Livys version of events describe how the legendary Romulus needed one element to complete the founding of the great city of Rome; women who would be able provide the city with children in order to ensure the continuous growth of Rome. As no neighbouring tribe of Rome would agree to allow their females to marry into Roman society, Romulus devised a plan where Rome would invite their neighbouring peoples for a festival in honour of Neptune and then take their women by force. It concludes when the Sabines, the last of those wronged to attack Rome, captured the citadel on the Capitoline and continued to fight the Romans until the kidnapped women interposed themselves between their husband captors and brothers and fathers. The womens intervention would assure peace and lead to the two peoples becoming one with Rome as the seat of power. When considering what kind of image this story portrays of Roman society one must take into consideration numerous factors. Livys position and motives in writing the piece must be examined extensively as should the significance of mass rape being a key element in the growth of the Roman Empire. It must also be considered what Livy was suggesting were the ultimate consequences, both political and social, of the abduction of the Sabine women. By examining these factors and then assessing them as a whole, one should have a clearer image of what Roman society. The story of the Sabine women can be used to tell us much about Roman concepts of women. Romans of the imperial period believed that women in the archaic era inspired others by their practice of Roman virtues and the story of the Sabine women was not unique in its attempts to portray Roman women as being courageous, with the myth of Lucretia also exemplifying numerous Roman virtues. This does not mean however that Rome treated its women as equals, in fact possibly the opposite, hence the reason Livy felt it necessary to instil these moral messages. Livy also claims that the rape of these women was justified, as it was vital to the continuation of the Roman race. For someone as devoted to Rome as Livy to have been happy to include the rape of these innocent women in his writings portrays an image of a state that treated women with a lack of respect. Livy also removes any blame from Romulus by claiming that Romes neighbours refusal to allow them to marry their daughters led to Rome having no choice but to act in such a manner. Amazingly, he further distances Rome from blame when he claims that it was the Sabine women whose wrongs had led to the war, with the women pleading for an end to the fighting by declaring that the men should turn their anger towards them, as it was they who were the cause of the war. Whether Livys message is suggesting that rape in the early Roman republic was acceptable is highly questionable. However, it does suggest that the action of rape was not one that was neither uncommon nor treated with shock and disgust. If that were the case then it would have been unlikely that Livy would have included it in his writings. What Livy seems to be suggesting is that womens were not seen as equals, although if we look at the treatment of women in some cultures today this can hardly be seen as surprising. Even in Britain it was not seen as illegal for a husband to rape his wife until the early nineteen nineties and in most third world countries, especially most of Africa, it is not illegal for a husband to rape his wife. This therefore suggests that although Roman society was far from being one that practiced sexual equality, nor was it worse than would have been witnessed in any state at this time and for the following two thousand years. One wonders that when Livy writes about this rape if it has any associations with imperialism and the possibility that he is using the women of Sabine metaphorically. In comparison with the story of the Sabine women, when Rome created its empire it is likely that they wished that its newly conquered subjects would behave in the same manner as the Sabine women, displaying loyalty to their new rulers and living happily under the new regime. It also portrays Rome as being blameless when acting aggressively, something that would have justified their actions in expanding their empire and the ability for previous enemies to live in peace, albeit with Rome still at the head of affairs. Of course, Livy may have wittingly used these metaphors with the intention that the story would leave a subconscious message in his audiences minds, something that is possibly backed by suggestions from historian Phyllis Culham that Livy wanted to inspire his contemporaries1. Since it is generally perceived that Livy instilled moral messages in his writings, surely it would not be hard to imagine that he could use techniques such as using metaphors to deliver a message in his writing. Of course to support the claims that Livy wanted to deliver such a message one must consider his position to justify it. Although Livys writing cannot be considered as faultlessly accurate, it can be used to tell us much about who Rome were and how they perceived themselves and others at the time when Livy was writing. Livy was quite unique among Roman historians in that he played no part in Roman politics, something that would have possibly denied him of access to certain material in official quarters. However, evidence suggests that Livy did not seek historical explanations in political terms; instead he saw history in personal and moral terms. Livy would not have been unique in this sense, as Horace and Virgils poetry also suggested similar moral messages. Perhaps one of the clearest indications that Livy is clearly trying to deliver a moral message in his writing is his preface where he writes, Here are the questions to which I should like every reader to give his close attention: what life and morals were like; through what men and what policies, in peace and in war, empire was established and enlarged. Then let him note how, with the gradual relaxation of discipline, morals first subsided, as it were, then sank lower and lower, and finally began the downward plunge which has brought us to our present time, when we can endure neither our vices nor their cure. What chiefly makes the study of history beneficial and fruitful is this, that you behold the lessons of every kind of experience as upon a famous monument; from these you may choose for your own state what to imitate, and mark for avoidance what is shameful. It seems clear just from reading the above abstract that Livy is suggesting that people read his works and realise that Rome was built successfully because of the strength of Roman morals and then nearly defeated by their lack of discipline to maintain them. This suggests that the importance in the story of the Sabine women is in its message that Rome was built successfully by the Sabine womens courage in preventing their fathers and husbands from fighting and the amicable agreement that was reached between the two parties, that would lead to a stronger and larger Roman state. In conclusion, the story of the Sabine women can be used to tell us much about Roman society, even though the story itself it holds little historical value. The significance of mass rape as a prominent factor in the growth of Rome is possibly not as significant to the story as one may at first believe, as argued earlier by displaying that how even today sexual equality is something that is not widespread in many societies. However, what the story of the Sabine women is able to display is that women were considered to be not only members of the family but also citizens of the state, hence the reason Livy felt it necessary to instil a message that would be addressable to both women and men. In this sense it is possible to argue that Rome were actually far more advanced than their neighbouring states in their attitudes towards women and sexual equality. However political the use of these heroines such as the women of Sabine in Livys histories, they do represent feminine values which were cherished in the early Republic and Empire, arguably by women as well as men. This story displays to us that Rome viewed courage and self-sacrifice for the benefit of the state as admired qualities. It also suggests that women were equally as capable as men in having these qualities, something that displays the recognition of the importance of the female role to society, even though the story also suggest women should be prepared to accept the authority and protection of their husbands and fathers. The Story of Sabine can be used to display that although few women had power or prestige, Roman women, within the limits of a male dominated world, were comparatively proactive and respected, especially in comparison to other contemporary cultures. They were viewed as embodying values vital to the culture of which they were an integral part.

Free Essays on Scary Facts, Critical Thinking Class

Scary Presidential Facts Do you ever get those emails that have those weird facts in them and you just wonder how can this be true? Well, I was checking my email one day and sure enough I got one of those emails. It sounded like it was true, I mean I am not a history buff so I could not be totally sure, but there was only one way to find out, research it. This crazy email that I received was stating that every president that gets elected in a year that ends in a zero dies in office or has survived an assassination attempt. Now that sounds a bit crazy. This especially got my attention because; George W. Bush was elected in 2000. I wanted to see if this was true, to see what the future had in store for Mr. Bush. Sure enough it was true. William Henry Harrison, elected in 1840, died in office from pneumonia. Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860, assassinated while in office. James A. Garfield, elected in 1880, assassinated while in office. William McKinley, elected in 1900, assassinated while in office. Warren G. Harding, elected in 1920, died in office from a heart attack. Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in 1940, died in office from cerebral hemorrhage. John F. Kennedy, elected in 1960, assassinated while in office. The next president is the only lucky one out of the bunch, but he still had a close call. Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980, survived an assassination attempt. Now, if you just remembered that Mr. Bush was elected in 2000, you are right, so we will see if this is a curse for presidents elected in a year that ends in a zero. The next part of the email really freaked me out, and I’m positive it will do the same to you. Here we go: Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected into Congress in 1946. Both of these statements are indeed true. Both of these presidents were elected into congress 100 years apart. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was ... Free Essays on Scary Facts, Critical Thinking Class Free Essays on Scary Facts, Critical Thinking Class Scary Presidential Facts Do you ever get those emails that have those weird facts in them and you just wonder how can this be true? Well, I was checking my email one day and sure enough I got one of those emails. It sounded like it was true, I mean I am not a history buff so I could not be totally sure, but there was only one way to find out, research it. This crazy email that I received was stating that every president that gets elected in a year that ends in a zero dies in office or has survived an assassination attempt. Now that sounds a bit crazy. This especially got my attention because; George W. Bush was elected in 2000. I wanted to see if this was true, to see what the future had in store for Mr. Bush. Sure enough it was true. William Henry Harrison, elected in 1840, died in office from pneumonia. Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860, assassinated while in office. James A. Garfield, elected in 1880, assassinated while in office. William McKinley, elected in 1900, assassinated while in office. Warren G. Harding, elected in 1920, died in office from a heart attack. Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in 1940, died in office from cerebral hemorrhage. John F. Kennedy, elected in 1960, assassinated while in office. The next president is the only lucky one out of the bunch, but he still had a close call. Ronald Reagan, elected in 1980, survived an assassination attempt. Now, if you just remembered that Mr. Bush was elected in 2000, you are right, so we will see if this is a curse for presidents elected in a year that ends in a zero. The next part of the email really freaked me out, and I’m positive it will do the same to you. Here we go: Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected into Congress in 1946. Both of these statements are indeed true. Both of these presidents were elected into congress 100 years apart. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was ...

The Black Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Black Death - Essay Example Black Death served as a major turning point in the history of European civilization in that there was a high standard of living for the survivors, several problems arose for the clergy and nobles who apparently, were land owners as well as revolts by urban workers and peasants. The resulting high standard of living led to the more even distribution of wealth as well as the economic recovery after 1450.Popular uprisings were as a result of labor shortages due to death of the inhabitants, which made workers to demand high wages for their work, a thing that guild masters and nobles vehemently opposed. Secondly, Black Death severely exhausted medieval state’s tax base, causing kings to drastically raise taxes so as to meet chronic warfare expenses between England and France (Herlihy, 1997).Finally, the black death created problems for the clergy and nobles in 2 major ways; firstly the huge loss of population in the cities’ led to virtual collapsing of the grain markets, a k ey income source for church landlords and nobles having excess grain for selling. This particularly hurt the clergy and nobles who entirely depended on the land for income and wholly relied on the sale of excess grains in the urban centers for badly required cash. This led to the emergence of 2 main strategies for taking care of this loss in income; clergies and nobles resulted in the sale of liberty to their serfs, which raised quick cash, depriving them future incomes.

A clue about current socialpolitical issue Essay

A clue about current socialpolitical issue - Essay Example work to pass fundamental values and assumption by using one of the protagonists to show the effect drugs have to young people who engage themselves in drug trafficking. Maria Alvarez work at the rose plantation where she could use the little salary she get to support her family. In her ambition to find a well-paying job and the need to get fulfill Maria, she ends up suffering emotional and psychologically. The author has done his research perfectly, and this enables him to know the major thing that is causing young people to engage themselves in drug trafficking. The argument he present in his play depicts a solid reasoning that Joshua possess as his argument were not based on rumors or wishful thinking hence enabled him to present his work on an empirical manner. The author has tried to convince his audiences that poverty is the main factor that is causing young people like Maria to become mules. However, poverty is not necessary the main cause that is making people be mule but greed is also another factor responsible in causing other people like Maria to join drug traffickers. Therefore, Joshua have is jumping to the conclusion without considering other factors like gluttony which some use to became drug traffickers. Despite, poor economic conditions and moral failures of people such as Lucy, Maria and Blanca, political corruption still contributes to an increase in drug traffickers. Many individual have used their economic and political power to facilitate drug trafficking as they used their political power and money to bribe the police. Therefore, the government must also not concentrate on people like Maria but also on those who are harnessing their financially viable and political power to perpetuate the drug