Economic globalization Essay

Economic origination(prenominal)ization has interchanged the opinion of unlawful offense and arbiter from being unique to bingle area to now knowing no boundaries. Terrorism is the most late(a) let go brought before the world and knows no boundaries. Is terrorist act a offensive activity that screams for justice? Or a declaration of contend? If we development up traditional meanings we cannot practice session the term put up of warfare because war is started by a situate and the terrorist acts of today are by half-size groups with depotamental ideas. The coup guide States has declared war on terror calling for justice after 911. The world was outraged and shocked. The terrorist attacks were think to destroy the rateation of western society.The events did not change the world order, that did change the world none the less. Technology that has friended note to go global also heighten sorry ne tworks to go global also. spherical law-breaking begs for globa l justice. The increase in global umbrage inevitably a global response. thither has been progress towards global law such as the world(prenominal) criminal tribune that began in the 1990s for Rwanda and The world-wide Criminal Courts, ICC, created in 1998 in Yugoslavia. These organizations created treaties that were recommended for use by the European Parliament (Delmar-Marty, 287). plainly the reluctance of the unify States to acknowledge a need for global justice has prevented the concept from developing to its fullest potential. How the U. S. defines terrorism conflicts with planetary reading material and this fact wont help to end global evil. International criminal law, on the other hand, would help in global crime. The creation of these global courts would countenance the independence and im lineamentiality of judges, for it recognizes that they repre move antithetic legal traditions, including that of Muslim states (Delmar-Marty, 291).The concept of crime or what is deemed a crime varies from market-gardening to culture, so that fact alone calls for an supranational court that can accomplish more than relying on each countries law for justice. In the article globose Crime Calls for Global Justice, the author suggests instead of using the word terrorism to decide criminalness the term crime against humanity should be used. Giving recognition of universal set that would ensure not only security measures measure of human rights but also self-regard of human beings around the globe (2002, 292).So when looking at 911 one should bowl over it a terrorist act, but instead as a crime against humanity. The global war on terrorism is constricting the execute of financial support to terror groups through with(predicate) Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. To circumvent these measures, transnational terrorist organizations are touching deeper into organized criminal activity. This transition poses a tremendous challenge to states assay with a pa nic that has changed significantly since homeember 11.As terror groups transform into hybrid criminal/terror entities and partner with criminal syndicates, the threat to the United States increasing every day. everywhere the past few years and more and more in recent months, leading learning and national security minds beget famed the growing threat created by the mutation and convergence of transnational organized crime and terrorist groups. While there is some count as to whether these groups are converging or transforming, it is clear that this growing threat is difficult and increasingly difficult to counter with exemplification law en pushment and military counter-measures.As the United States and other nations adjust to the post 911 world of stubborn conundrums such as the Iraqi insurgency, Afghanistan, and Al Qaeda, the nexus of organized crime and terrorism, especially between the tri-borders of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil could carry these challenges and lea d to further disruptions and threats to global security and prosperity. Impediments to wholesale cooperation between the two parties remain, but the merging of transnational organized crime and international terrorism in these countries is however on the rise (Sanderson, 2007).Global political economy has truly been the core of crime that is called terrorism. in that location has been a connection to terrorism and gold from oil. In an article by D. Ekman Kaplin he suggests one million million millions of dollars in oil silver goes to fund global terror and their networks. The article in U. S. News and World Report showed that I the 1980s Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabias jolly official charities became the primary source of keep for the jehad movement that spanned some 20 countries. The money was used to run paramilitary training camps, bargain weapons and recruit unexampled members.The charities the Saudis had started was in hopes of penetrate he ad their fundamentalists ideas globally. The money that was raised went to build hundreds of stand mosques, schools and Moslem centers that supported networks for the jihad movement. This is contempt the fact that the United States had knowledge of this since 1996. The U. S. entangle up that foreign terrorism outweighed fighting terrorism at that quantify. In 1998, when terrorist struck two U. S. Embassies in East Africa officials in the albumen House felt a advance picture of just how much money and where this money was coming from was needed.This was where the connection was found and it was shocking. The White House enlisted the help of the CIA to fare questions into the funding of Al Qaeda and of the leaders, Osama salt a instruction Ladens face-to-face finances. near of the money Al Qaeda had was a direct source of fundraising by Saudi Arabia. An ally to America and the worlds largest producers of oil. Many believed and probably still do today, that Osama hive away Ladens personal fortune and businesses in Sudan was the source of this funding.William Wechsler, conductor of the task force NSC (responsible for the investigation), stated that, Al Qaeda was a constant fundraising form (Kaplan, 18). U. S. officials did not introduce the Saudis about this fact until after Sept 11, 2001. In 25 years the Saudis take been the single great force in dissemination Islamic Fundamentalism. (20). The Saudis unregulated charities have funneled hundreds of millions of dollars to Al Qaeda cells and jihad groups globally. U. S. Ambassadors, CIA locate Chiefs and Cabinet secretaries were encouraged by Saudis using billions of dollars in contracts, grants and salaries, to shape a blind eye.When Washington refused to confront the Saudis on their part of the terrorists network. This was the failure point in sounding the alarm of the rising of the jihad movements globally and of the events of 911. The Saudis argued that their charities have done an enormous amount of trustworthy work and blames the problems on what they call deserter offices (22). Foreign advisor to the crown prince of Saudi Arabia promises that steps are being taken that will ensure that it never happens again. The vexation is that some of the Saudis charities vie more of a role in terrorist activities.These charities helped to make the more primitive jihadists and insurgents into a more sophisticated global movement. It seems that individuals that were spreading the Wahhabist doctrine, a doctrine held by the Saudi royal family, turned out to be the most radical of the believers in the holly wars. They poured bulky sums of money into the newly make Al Qaeda network. According to a 2002 state Al Qaeda and others jihadists received $ three hundred million and $500 million from Saudi Charities and backstage donors (Kaplan, 2003).To fund the mujahideen in Afghanistan. Washington and Riyadh helped with some $3. billion to aid in the fight with soviets. Bin Laden pe rsonally helped gain millions from clerics in the Muslim world to aid in this cause. The Saudi charities were able to operate in some of the hottest spots around the globe. There was no control on how the money was spent, U. S. officials said. The charities were perfect fronts organizations. They provided pencil eraser houses, false identities, travel documents and arms. All the organization were able to dispense large amounts of change with little or no documentation. The private foundations were not what Americans would call charities.At the time terrorism was not views as a threat and the link of Saudi Arabia with terrorism was not deem as big and kept on the back burner (Kaplan, 2003). In 1998 the CIA began an investigation in Chicago which led them to over $1. 2 million terrorist gained from a local chemical firm. The money had been sent t Hamas and the source of the money came from a Saudi charity. Saudis spread the money through-out Washington by the millions that helped t o buy friends and influences. One group, Carlyle Group in particular, make huge amounts of money dealings with the Saudis.Top advisors for the group included causality President George H. W. Bush, James Baker, his secretary of state and Frank Carlucci, former Secretary of Defense. Saudi investment in America was as much as $600 billion in U. S. banks and stock markets. In 1998 attacks on the U. S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania changed all of that. A Task force on terrorists finances was formed and in 1999 the charities were even closer tie in to the jihad movement. In June of 2003 Saudi officials in the end admitted something had gone very wrong and felt they were not at fault for their shortcomings on how funds from the charities were handled.But in 2003 a lawsuit was filed by the 900 members of families of the victims of 911 totaling over $1 trillion dollars and names Saudi princes, business community and charities that handled terrorist responsible for the 911 attacks. Refo rm for the Saudis society will be the last-ditch test (Halloran, 2006). Presidents Bushs military tribunal system is some other way of the U. S. is attempting to control crime and terrorism. The system is struggling with issues that range from questions that arise such as, what would toss out an individual as a combatant and are the same rules for war relevant to the war on terror (Waldman, 2006).The United States government has come to another problem with the war on terror. In recent years U. S. anti-terrorism units has been slowly decreasing the assets that were frozen(p) stating the effort to lack of urgency as the reason. President Bush disagrees and believes that in order to stop terrorism the flow of money must stop (Johnson, 2007). Since it is clear that terrorism is here for sometime and funding is a key force to keeping them active voice and needs to eliminated, it is still clear that international laws governing terror is still another key focus the globe needs to a ddress.